- 에임스(Ames) 도시의 허위매물 탐지
- 위치: 미국 아이오와주 중부, 디모인 북쪽 약 50km
- 인구: 약 66,000명 (2020년 기준)
- 특징:
- 아이오와 주립대학교 소재 (학생 수 약 30,000명, 전체 인구의 약 45%)
- 안정된 주거 환경과 활발한 임대 시장 (임대 가구 비율 약 55%)
- 젊은 인구 비중 높고 교육 중심 도시 (20~34세 인구 비중 약 40%)
- Ames 지역의 평균 주택가격 기준
- 상·중·하로 분류
- 각 점은 개별 주택을 의미
::: ### 지역별 주택 가격 구간 분류
| 가격 구간 | 평균 가격 범위 (USD) | 주요 지역 |
|---|---|---|
| 🔺 고가 지역 (High) | ≥ 217,676 | NoRidge, NridgHt, StoneBr, Veenker, Greens, Timber |
| ⚖️ 중간 지역 (Mid) | 136,144 ~ 217,675 | CollgCr, Mitchel, NAmes, SawyerW, OldTown, Crawfor, Edwards |
| 🔻 저가 지역 (Low) | ≤ 136,143 | MeadowV, BrDale, IDOTRR, Landmrk, Blueste |
Neighborhood별 평균SalePrice를 기준으로 분위수(Quantile)를 계산하여 고가/중간/저가로 분류함
- 상위 25% 이상: 고가 지역, 중위 50%: 중간 지역, 하위 25% 이하: 저가 지역
🔺 고가 지역 (High)
- 평균 주택 가격이 높고 고급 주택 밀집
- 최신 건축/리모델링, 품질 우수
- 넓은 면적과 부대시설 완비
- 고급 단독주택 중심, 조용한 환경
- 거래량은 적지만 희소성 존재
⚖️ 중간 지역 (Mid)
- Ames 평균 수준 주택 분포
- 다양한 주거 형태(단독, 타운하우스 등)
- 젊은층/대학생 임대 수요 존재
- 인프라 양호, 가족 선호 지역
- 거래량 많고 시장 내 활발
🔻 저가 지역 (Low)
- 평균 주택 가격 낮고 일부 노후
- 유지 관리 상태 중하 수준
- 소형 임대 주택 비중 높음
- 소음, 상업지 인접 등으로 선호도 낮음
- 거래량 적고 정보 부족
📌 분석 과정
6가지 조건을 바탕으로 점수를 부여하고, 3점 이상에 해당되는 허위매물을 추출한다.
이후 회귀 모델을 통해 허위매물을 추출한 뒤, 공통 허위매물을 추출한다.
| Neighborhood | Price_Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | NridgHt | High |
| 1 | Timber | High |
| 2 | Somerst | High |
| 3 | NoRidge | High |
| 4 | GrnHill | High |
| 5 | StoneBr | High |
| 6 | Veenker | High |
| 7 | NWAmes | Mid |
| 8 | Blmngtn | Mid |
| 9 | Mitchel | Mid |
| 10 | NAmes | Mid |
| 11 | CollgCr | Mid |
| 12 | SawyerW | Mid |
| 13 | Gilbert | Mid |
| 14 | Sawyer | Mid |
| 15 | Crawfor | Mid |
| 16 | Greens | Mid |
| 17 | ClearCr | Mid |
| 18 | NPkVill | Mid |
| 19 | Blueste | Mid |
| 20 | Landmrk | Mid |
| 21 | SWISU | Low |
| 22 | Edwards | Low |
| 23 | IDOTRR | Low |
| 24 | OldTown | Low |
| 25 | MeadowV | Low |
| 26 | BrDale | Low |
| 27 | BrkSide | Low |
✔GrLivArea : 지상층 면적
✔YearRemodAdd : 리모델링
✔RoomDensity : 방 밀도 (방수/면적)
✔OverallCond : 리모델링
✔Amenities : 방 밀도 (방수/면적)
조건 플래그:
- flag_high_qual: 3
- flag_good_condition: 22
- flag_high_area: 10
- flag_high_remod: 76
- flag_high_density: 93
- flag_high_amenities: 3
Score 분포:
- 0: 76
- 1: 103
- 2: 47
- 3: 2
- 4: 1
Score ≥ 3인 건수: 3건
조건 플래그:
- flag_mid_qual: 2
- flag_good_condition: 366
- flag_mid_area: 53
- flag_mid_remod: 107
- flag_mid_density: 296
- flag_mid_amenities: 37
Score 분포:
- 0: 158
- 1: 348
- 2: 172
- 3: 51
- 4: 4
Score ≥ 3인 건수: 55건
조건 플래그:
- flag_low_qual: 4
- flag_good_condition: 30
- flag_low_area: 24
- flag_low_remod: 59
- flag_low_density: 131
- flag_low_amenities: 10
Score 분포:
- 0: 133
- 1: 155
- 2: 30
- 3: 13
- 4: 1
Score ≥ 3인 건수: 14건
❗ 조건 플래그 결과
72건의 허위매물 의심 후보 추출
우측 지도를 통해 그룹별 허위매물 분포 확인 가능함
| Neighborhood | price_level |
|---|---|
| OldTown | Low |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| MeadowV | Low |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NoRidge | High |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Somerst | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| MeadowV | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| BrkSide | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Timber | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| BrkSide | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Edwards | Low |
| Timber | High |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Veenker | High |
| Edwards | Low |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| BrkSide | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Veenker | High |
| Veenker | High |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Veenker | High |
| Veenker | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| ClearCr | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Gilbert | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Somerst | High |
| Greens | Mid |
| Edwards | Low |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| IDOTRR | Low |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NoRidge | High |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| Timber | High |
| Timber | High |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Edwards | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Timber | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Somerst | High |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Veenker | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Somerst | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Veenker | High |
| Edwards | Low |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Timber | High |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| Edwards | Low |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| SawyerW | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| BrkSide | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| IDOTRR | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Veenker | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| Blueste | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Timber | High |
| Edwards | Low |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Gilbert | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| Timber | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NridgHt | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| Veenker | High |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| IDOTRR | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| BrDale | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| StoneBr | High |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Mitchel | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Edwards | Low |
| Crawfor | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| BrkSide | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Timber | High |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NPkVill | Mid |
| Edwards | Low |
| IDOTRR | Low |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| Sawyer | Mid |
| NWAmes | Mid |
| CollgCr | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| OldTown | Low |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| NAmes | Mid |
| Crawfor | Mid |
📌 회귀 분석
❗ 회귀분석 모델을 적용하여 허위매물을 찾아낼 경우, 점수제로 추려진 허위매물과 무엇이 같고, 무엇이 다른지 비교가능
✔ 종속변수: ‘SalePrice’
✔ 독립변수: ‘OverallQual’, ‘OverallCond’, ‘GrLivArea’, ‘YearRemodAdd’, ‘RoomDensity’, ‘amenities’
🔍 회귀분석 진행과정
1. 모든 변수의 영향을 유지하기 위해 Ridge 회귀 적용
2. 데이터를 학습용 80%, 테스트용 20%로 분리하고, 5-fold 교차 검증 수행
3. 교차 검증을 통해 모델의 안정성을 확보하고, 다양한 정규화 강도(α)에서 테스트하여 최적의 예측 성능을 가진 모델을 선택함.
4. 성능 평가 지표로 ‘neg_mean_squared_error’(음의 평균 제곱 오차)를 사용
5. Python의 scikit-learn에서는 점수가 높을수록 좋은 모델로 평가하는 규칙이 있어 오차 지표를 음수화하여 사용
6. 허위매물 판별을 위해 실제가격과 예측가격의 차이(잔차)를 계산하고, 하위 2.8%(72/2579)를 허위매물로 분류
7. 점수제에서 발견한 허위매물 수와 동일한 비율을 적용하여 두 방법론의 결과를 직접 비교할 수 있게 함
8. 각 가격 수준(Low, Mid, High) 그룹별로 별도의 모델을 구축하여 가격대별 특성을 반영한 허위매물 탐지가 가능하도록 함.
RidgeCV(alphas=array([1.00000000e-04, 3.59381366e-04, 1.29154967e-03, 4.64158883e-03,
1.66810054e-02, 5.99484250e-02, 2.15443469e-01, 7.74263683e-01,
2.78255940e+00, 1.00000000e+01]),
cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.
RidgeCV(alphas=array([1.00000000e-04, 3.59381366e-04, 1.29154967e-03, 4.64158883e-03,
1.66810054e-02, 5.99484250e-02, 2.15443469e-01, 7.74263683e-01,
2.78255940e+00, 1.00000000e+01]),
cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')✔ 설명력 (R²): 0.633 ✔ 최적 α (alpha): 10
✔ 전체 샘플 수 : 662개 ✔ 허위 매물 수 : 19개
| Neighborhood | SalePrice | predicted | residual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309 | Edwards | 184750 | 341478.416904 | -156728.416904 |
| 2204 | OldTown | 90000 | 165060.186265 | -75060.186265 |
| 469 | OldTown | 122000 | 196637.789395 | -74637.789395 |
| 1909 | OldTown | 97500 | 165711.760154 | -68211.760154 |
| 740 | IDOTRR | 40000 | 100640.665189 | -60640.665189 |
| 116 | OldTown | 159500 | 219067.388226 | -59567.388226 |
| 1214 | OldTown | 107500 | 165796.538413 | -58296.538413 |
| 254 | OldTown | 133900 | 187704.330474 | -53804.330474 |
| 1436 | OldTown | 106000 | 158650.035771 | -52650.035771 |
| 677 | OldTown | 103500 | 155031.742968 | -51531.742968 |
| 374 | BrkSide | 106900 | 158205.245880 | -51305.245880 |
| 1225 | OldTown | 117000 | 165247.245319 | -48247.245319 |
| 2277 | IDOTRR | 123000 | 171019.817386 | -48019.817386 |
| 2025 | OldTown | 117500 | 163763.677821 | -46263.677821 |
| 205 | IDOTRR | 50000 | 95575.542686 | -45575.542686 |
| 528 | IDOTRR | 89500 | 130977.645762 | -41477.645762 |
| 1064 | OldTown | 64500 | 105347.680388 | -40847.680388 |
| 427 | OldTown | 12789 | 53436.186714 | -40647.186714 |
| 22 | MeadowV | 98000 | 137418.527580 | -39418.527580 |
RidgeCV(alphas=array([1.00000000e-04, 3.59381366e-04, 1.29154967e-03, 4.64158883e-03,
1.66810054e-02, 5.99484250e-02, 2.15443469e-01, 7.74263683e-01,
2.78255940e+00, 1.00000000e+01]),
cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.
RidgeCV(alphas=array([1.00000000e-04, 3.59381366e-04, 1.29154967e-03, 4.64158883e-03,
1.66810054e-02, 5.99484250e-02, 2.15443469e-01, 7.74263683e-01,
2.78255940e+00, 1.00000000e+01]),
cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')설명력 (R²): 0.746
최적 α (alpha): 0.0001
▶ 전체 샘플 수: 1464개
▶ 허위매물 수: 41개 (2.8%)
| Neighborhood | SalePrice | predicted | residual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 180 | NWAmes | 82500 | 186512.846249 | -104012.846249 |
| 997 | NAmes | 84900 | 164088.769037 | -79188.769037 |
| 1262 | Sawyer | 112000 | 189448.582663 | -77448.582663 |
| 1703 | Gilbert | 164000 | 237690.994626 | -73690.994626 |
| 607 | SawyerW | 131000 | 203319.538648 | -72319.538648 |
| 232 | NAmes | 97500 | 165959.754915 | -68459.754915 |
| 748 | NWAmes | 154000 | 222452.575310 | -68452.575310 |
| 777 | NAmes | 140000 | 207071.732788 | -67071.732788 |
| 2207 | Sawyer | 158000 | 222634.022503 | -64634.022503 |
| 1735 | NAmes | 180000 | 239892.023341 | -59892.023341 |
| 1777 | Sawyer | 130500 | 189388.251889 | -58888.251889 |
| 328 | NAmes | 100000 | 157610.279322 | -57610.279322 |
| 1592 | NAmes | 152500 | 209835.479856 | -57335.479856 |
| 1973 | NAmes | 110000 | 167110.808559 | -57110.808559 |
| 2399 | Crawfor | 135000 | 191693.656661 | -56693.656661 |
| 2478 | Crawfor | 149000 | 205373.529713 | -56373.529713 |
| 1392 | Mitchel | 115000 | 170705.874780 | -55705.874780 |
| 379 | NAmes | 104900 | 160448.835040 | -55548.835040 |
| 2165 | Crawfor | 137000 | 192003.206946 | -55003.206946 |
| 1085 | NAmes | 132000 | 184829.510696 | -52829.510696 |
| 1790 | NAmes | 139000 | 191731.983243 | -52731.983243 |
| 445 | Sawyer | 112000 | 164354.269125 | -52354.269125 |
| 289 | NAmes | 167000 | 219307.354724 | -52307.354724 |
| 2293 | ClearCr | 148400 | 200423.025348 | -52023.025348 |
| 79 | SawyerW | 67500 | 119207.948646 | -51707.948646 |
| 2044 | NAmes | 133000 | 184566.013933 | -51566.013933 |
| 1259 | NWAmes | 170000 | 219375.681066 | -49375.681066 |
| 1533 | Sawyer | 62383 | 111275.071760 | -48892.071760 |
| 1955 | Crawfor | 191000 | 239871.517587 | -48871.517587 |
| 1557 | SawyerW | 138500 | 186704.367535 | -48204.367535 |
| 478 | Sawyer | 119500 | 166866.155117 | -47366.155117 |
| 2113 | Crawfor | 145000 | 190775.062653 | -45775.062653 |
| 657 | NPkVill | 123000 | 168657.234940 | -45657.234940 |
| 2085 | Gilbert | 115000 | 159734.356699 | -44734.356699 |
| 112 | NWAmes | 185000 | 229329.132298 | -44329.132298 |
| 1276 | NAmes | 143000 | 187007.097643 | -44007.097643 |
| 2397 | NAmes | 242000 | 285697.477460 | -43697.477460 |
| 661 | NAmes | 135000 | 178659.552930 | -43659.552930 |
| 585 | Mitchel | 160000 | 203299.251232 | -43299.251232 |
| 793 | Sawyer | 121500 | 164707.980590 | -43207.980590 |
| 1752 | Blueste | 121000 | 164024.916824 | -43024.916824 |
RidgeCV(alphas=array([1.00000000e-04, 3.59381366e-04, 1.29154967e-03, 4.64158883e-03,
1.66810054e-02, 5.99484250e-02, 2.15443469e-01, 7.74263683e-01,
2.78255940e+00, 1.00000000e+01]),
cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.
RidgeCV(alphas=array([1.00000000e-04, 3.59381366e-04, 1.29154967e-03, 4.64158883e-03,
1.66810054e-02, 5.99484250e-02, 2.15443469e-01, 7.74263683e-01,
2.78255940e+00, 1.00000000e+01]),
cv=5, scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')설명력 (R²): 0.730
최적 α (alpha): 0.0001
▶ 전체 샘플 수: 453개
▶ 허위매물 수: 13개 (2.9%)
| Neighborhood | SalePrice | predicted | residual | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 275 | Veenker | 150000 | 377583.040255 | -227583.040255 |
| 1008 | Timber | 204000 | 331268.591361 | -127268.591361 |
| 1686 | NoRidge | 285000 | 383469.594440 | -98469.594440 |
| 111 | Somerst | 172500 | 267553.768343 | -95053.768343 |
| 1310 | StoneBr | 270000 | 357997.110005 | -87997.110005 |
| 300 | Somerst | 280750 | 363476.267632 | -82726.267632 |
| 1398 | Timber | 202900 | 281247.127845 | -78347.127845 |
| 1278 | Somerst | 170000 | 248322.760527 | -78322.760527 |
| 1495 | NoRidge | 248000 | 324732.678440 | -76732.678440 |
| 949 | NoRidge | 290000 | 364891.692276 | -74891.692276 |
| 51 | Somerst | 193800 | 268322.417291 | -74522.417291 |
| 1411 | StoneBr | 130000 | 204137.130175 | -74137.130175 |
| 2134 | Somerst | 345000 | 416042.158581 | -71042.158581 |